Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, but it also makes the Chinese abacus part of a truly world-class Representative Reflects the role played by the “Belt and Road Initiative” in the Has expanded from the Chinese cultural circle to non-Chinese culturalĬircles, and the cross-cultural education of Zhusuan and cultural andĮducational industry cover five continents around the world. Mathematical calculation through the abacus” The cultural education of “Zhusuan-knowledge and practices of The research results show that, since 2019, Of various countries in these three years were interviewed through the network to collect data and discuss the inheritance andĭissemination of Zhusuan culture. The second stage is from 2016 to 2019, in which the work reports of representatives Through field investigation, a questionnaire prepared by the researcher, and in-depth interviews. The Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, in which the protection and revitalization of Zhusuan were discussed Namely the three years after Zhusuan was listed in the Representative List of Is divided into two stages of time axis: the first stage is from 2013 to 2016, Scientific and Cultural Organization” (UNESCO) in 2013. Heritage of Humanity through the resolution by the “United Nations Educational, The Chinese abacus in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural To track the changes of abacus culture and education in the past 12 years, andįocuses on the changes in the key three years before and after the inclusion of the invention took about millennium to reach the west, where it helped Christopher Columbus and other explorers navigate the ocean.This study adopts the field survey method. The rudder enabled ships to steer without using oars, making it a lot easier to navigate. The Chinese developed the device for steering a ship in the First Century A.D., according to Chinese technology historian Yongxiang Lu. It was such a revolutionary invention that it spread over the next several centuries across Asia to Europe, where it made it possible for medieval knights to ride their steeds in heavy armor without tumbling off. A Han Dynasty inventor made things a lot easier by making cast iron or bronze devices that a rider could slip his foot into, according to Temple. The Moldboard PlowĪn illustration of a man on a horse dating back 2,000 years during the Han Dynasty.Īncient horsemen had to let their legs dangle as they rode, though the Romans rigged a hand-hold on saddles to help them stay on the horse when things got rough. (Modern wrenches have a worm screw, a different mechanism, but the function is the same.) Initially, the devices seem to have been used for measuring, rather than loosening and tightening lug nuts or pipes. Chinese used a tool somewhat similar to the one used by plumbers and tinkerers, in which a sliding caliper gauge allowed the pieces to be adjusted. The Adjustable WrenchĪccording to Temple, the First Century B.C. Right around the beginning of the Han Dynasty in the early 200s B.C., Chinese metallurgists built the first blast furnaces, which pumped a blast of air into a heated batch of iron ore to produce cast iron, according to Chinese technology historian Donald B. The first time that happened, nobody in the court reportedly felt anything, but a few days later, a messenger from a village 400 miles away arrived to inform the emperor that an earthquake had occurred there. When it picked up a vibration, it dropped a ball from the mouth of a metal dragon into a metal frog, creating a loud clang. 132 Its design was simple-an urn equipped with a pendulum. But he’s probably best known for creating the first device for detecting distant earthquakes, which he introduced to the Han court in A.D. Zhang Heng, an early Chinese scientist, explored fields ranging from astronomy to clock-making. A ball falls from the dragon's teeth into the mouth of a toad below to record the event. Arriving shock waves displace a pendulum linked to a mechanism which opens the jaws of the dragon facing the direction of the earthquake. The Chinese astronomer, mathematician and seismologist, Zhang Heng (78-139 A.D.) described the earliest seismoscope known in about 132 A.D.
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